STUDY OF FORMS (Definations)

Dhrupad and Dhamar 

Dhrupad and Dhamar are the oldest forms of Hindustani classical music which are still in vogue. It is believed that these forms have their roots in the ancient compositional form ‘Prabandha’. In these forms, there is special emphasis on the purity of Raga. 

Sung to the accompaniment of Pakhawaj, the Dhrupad form is set to Talas such as Chau Tala, Sool Tala, Brahma Tala etc., whereas the Dhamar form is set to Dhamar Tala. The subject matter of Dhrupaad usually consists of praises of deities and patronizing kings, whereas that of Dhamar describes Holi. Both these forms flourished around the 16th century, which was known as the golden age of these forms.

OBJECTIVE

1.After studying this lesson, the learner would be able to

2.Explain in brief history of Dhrupad and Dhamar; 

3.Define the forms Dhrupad and Dhamar

4.Identify the forms of Dhrupad from other forms;

5.State the names of different Banis of Dhrupad singing;

6.State the name of some great Dhrupad artists.

DEFINITION. 

Dhrupad 

The word ‘Dhrupad’ or 'Dhruvapada' has its root in two Sanskrit words ‘Dhruva’ and ‘Pada’ meaning ‘fixed’ and ‘literary content’ respectively. Hence, Dhrupad may be defined as a form that has literary verses which are fixed (composed) to certain Svaras and Tala. The compositions of Dhrupad are generally related to the bravery, prestige of the praise of Gods, Goddesses, Kings as rulers and also 29 Hindustani Music Notes musical elements like Tala and Nada etc. This form is sung to the accompaniment of Pakhawaj. The ‘Talas’ used in Dhrupad are - ChauTala, Sool, Teevra, Brahma Tala, etc...

Dhamar 

Dhamar is also a compositional form like Dhrupad which is sung to the accompaniment of Pakhawaj. Dhamar is invariably set to ‘Dhamar’ Tala of fourteen beats.The compositions of Dhamar are mostly related to 'Holi' and Leela of Radha-Krishna but as this form was developed more in Medieval period, the compositions also had to contents related to the praise and prestige of Kings and rulers.